The dog you bring home is often a result of its breeding history, and the Maltese dog is no exception. The lineage of these gorgeous, longhaired white Spaniels goes back over 8,000 years, and they have always been a revered companion. 
Archaeological evidence and images show that around 500 B.C., the dainty Maltese dog was practically worshipped and were considered members of royal families at the time.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle is also given credit for giving the Maltese their name, as he wrote their first known history. He credited their beginnings to the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea, so the name eventually became "Maltese". Because of their loving nature, Maltese have also been known by a number of names throughout their history in ancient cultures and eventually throughout Europe. Some of the other names of the Maltese dog have been "The Comforter", "Spaniel Gentle", and the "Roman Ladies Dog".
So what does all of this mean to you as the owner of a Maltese dog? First of all, the charming stature of these dogs has not changed over the years, and they do seem to have a bit of royalty about them. They may be picky eaters, so you may have to experiment with a few types of food before your find their preference.
Also, remember the majestic upbringings of the little Maltese, and make sure to take care of its lovely appearance! To maintain this, the Maltese will require you to use a gentle shampoo regularly and use a brush on the long hair, which has no undercoat. Because the hair around your dog's face gets wet in a water bowl, the Maltese is prone to "tearstains" under the eyes and on the face. Many Maltese dog owners make use of a water bottle (much like the ones used for rabbits or other small animals) to make tear stains less likely.
A Maltese also likes to have a special place of its own to retreat to, and makes good use of a crate or special bedding that you provide. But, far from reclusive, Maltese are social little creatures, and have fearless personalities that keep you watching. They seem to seek out puddles when playing outside, perhaps to make sure that you have to indulge them with a bath! Though they are playful, they don't require extensive exercise (something further inherited from centuries of sitting on a velvet pillow?).
But more than anything from the Maltese dog history that has remained is its reputation as a companion and friend. Even now, the Maltese is known as the most gentle of small dog breeds, making great companions for both children and people who live in small homes. They are perfect for apartment living, and don't exhibit many of the aggressive territorial behaviors shown by other dogs. Yes, you'll have to consider the regal background of the Maltese dog when you bring it home, but you will be rewarded by your "Spaniel Gentle".
